Do Republican spending cuts threaten federal HIV funding? Some programs, yes.

Are Republicans threatening to stop spending federal money to end one of the world’s most pressing public health epidemics? That’s what President Joe Biden said during a dinner an LGBTQ+ advocacy group hosted.

"In the United States Congress, extreme MAGA Republicans are trying to undo virtually every bit of progress we’ve made," Biden said Oct. 14 at the Human Rights Campaign event. "They’re trying to wipe out federal funding to end the HIV epidemic."

Programs to treat HIV and fight its spread have enjoyed bipartisan funding support in recent years, experts said, so Biden’s portrayal signals a significant departure.

When we asked the White House what Biden was referring to, it pointed us to reports of budget recommendations from House Republicans that call for large cuts to the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative, a Trump administration-era program designed to reduce new HIV infections in the U.S., as well as other programs.

The Senate Appropriations Committee passed a separate spending plan. The recommendations will be subject to negotiation as the House and Senate face a Nov. 17 deadline to pass another spending bill. 

We found that although Republicans are recommending significant cuts to HIV prevention efforts across a number of public health agencies, the proposal keeps core funding intact.  Meanwhile, political differences are eroding bipartisan support for global HIV-prevention funding. 

Despite great strides in prevention and treatment since HIV was first reported in the U.S. in the 1980s, HIV remains at epidemic levels in the U.S. today, with approximately 1.2 million people living with HIV and around 30,000 to 35,000 new infections each year. Experts said cases are rising in the South and in rural areas, and new infection statistics show it is disproportionately affecting Black and Hispanic communities.

AIDS Budget & Appropriations Coalition, a group of more than 100 public health advocacy organizations that track changes in HIV-related federal spending, said a majority of the proposed cuts to domestic HIV funding stem from House Republicans’ effort to eliminate the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative.

The program started in 2019 with the goal of reducing new HIV infections in the U.S. by 75% by 2025 and 90% by 2030. The program so far worked regionally, targeting areas that have the highest rates of HIV cases for funding. 

In 2023, about $573 million was allocated for the program across various agencies, according to KFF’s funding tracker. 

• $220 million to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

• $165 million to the Ryan White HIV/AIDS program. (It was named for a 13-year-old diagnosed with HIV in 1984 and is overseen by the Health Resources and Services Administration.)

• $5 million to the Indian Health Service.

• $26 million to the National Institutes of Health for research. 

• $157.3 million to community health centers, which treated around 200,000 HIV patients annually.

The program lags its goals as it approaches the 2025 benchmark. "It's well designed, well planned, it has targets that makes sense," said Jeffrey Sturchio, a lead researcher on a Center for Strategic and International Studies report. 

Sturchio said the problem is not a fault of design, but funding, adding, "Congress has never fully funded the initiative."

Sturchio pointed to a range of local and state "bureaucratic hurdles." Jurisdictions that have pulled together sufficient resources have seen "tremendous progress," he said, and overall indicators seem to be moving in the right direction. 

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But COVID-19 reduced HIV testing and may have diverted public health efforts, CDC administrators said. PolitiFact partner KFF Health News reported in April that stakeholders saw progress but worried that it won’t be enough to make the 2030 deadline. 

Democrats appear to share this concern. The spending bill proposed by the Democratic-controlled Senate Appropriations Committee maintained or slightly increased funding levels to all HIV-related programs. The committee requested more data about the program, describing its "lack of quantifiable data showing outcomes."

The House has not yet passed the bill out of committee. We know of some proposed cuts from the bill, which the Republican-led House Appropriations Subcommittee released in July.

It outlines a $1.6 billion cut to the CDC, including a $220 million reduction in "HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, and tuberculosis prevention" and a $238.5 million cut from the Ryan White HIV/AIDS program. The Ryan White program provides medical care and support services to low-income HIV patients and serves more than half of those diagnosed in the U.S.

The bill also proposes cutting funding to the Minority HIV/AIDS fund by more than half — from $60 million to $28 million. According to hiv.gov, the fund supports prevention and care projects targeting disparities that affect communities of color. 

Additional details about how these cuts could affect programs are detailed in a committee report that has not been made public. PolitiFact and some advocacy organizations obtained copies of the report, but the House Appropriations committee did not respond to our questions about it. The report we saw recommended cutting all funding for the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative.

And House Democrats, advocacy organizations and PolitiFact’s partners at KFF Health News, have each reported that the Ryan White program and CDC cuts result from a plan to eliminate the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative.

"If they cut funding, it's going to have a dramatic and draconian impact on the ability of all of the people who are working in these jurisdictions to improve public health," said Sturchio, the researcher.

Although the cuts would be dramatic, experts said that they would not eliminate all domestic HIV funding.

"There is certainly a demonstration and a commitment to some of the core HIV programs, but there are millions of dollars of proposed cuts in other areas," said Lindsey Dawson, associate director for HIV policy at KFF, a policy research center. "These cuts would have a meaningful impact on the ability of programs to provide life-saving interventions for both HIV care and treatment, as well as prevention."

The cuts would mean a 16%cut to the CDC’s division of STD prevention, a 9% cut to the Ryan White HIV/AIDS program, and a 53% cut to the Minority HIV/AIDS Fund from fiscal year 2023 to 2024. 

These funding cuts are only proposals. They require a vote from the full appropriations committee, would have to pass the House and would need to be negotiated with a Democratic-controlled Senate.

"We've heard for a long time that HIV is a bipartisan issue. But what some people forget, is that that bipartisanship was hard fought for over the first decade of the HIV epidemic," Dawson said.

The U.S. commitment to global HIV prevention, meanwhile, is also under scrutiny. Rep. Chris Smith, R-N.J., challenged reauthorizing the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, also known as PEPFAR, without first making some changes. Started in 2003 by President George W. Bush, the program distributes funds in more than 50 countries for HIV testing, prevention, treatment and medications. It also strengthens healthcare systems to fight AIDS. 

Funding for the program has grown over the past 20 years, totaling more than $110 billion. The program reported 25 million lives saved by medical intervention. 

Smith, who chairs the House Foreign Affairs subcommittee on Global Health, has expressed concerns that money is being given to nongovernmental organizations that support abortion-rights and access.   

U.S. law prohibits the direct use of overseas funding to provide abortions or lobby for access to  abortions. This has been the case since 1973. However, organizations that receive U.S. funding can do so with their own non-U.S. funding.

An official from the U.S. State Department, which runs the program, confirmed to PolitiFact that PEPFAR is legally restricted from funding abortion or lobbying for abortion access; the official cited the training of staff and partners and the monitoring of procedures to ensure compliance. 

Other anti-abortion groups have favored a "Mexico City Policy,'' which has required foreign nongovernmental organizations to certify that they would not perform or promote abortion with funds from any source to be eligible for U.S. government funding. Trump applied the policy to PEPFAR, but Biden rescinded it.

The failure to reauthorize PEPFAR would not eliminate the program, and Congress can continue to fund the program without reauthorization, but it could cause some provisions to lapse over the next few years.

The lack of a reauthorization would have significant symbolic impact, said Kellie Moss, KFF’s associate director of global health and HIV policy. "It could make the program more vulnerable during funding discussions without a clear signal of bipartisan support."

Although reauthorization is being held up, funding has progressed. On Sept. 28, the House passed a State Department and Foreign Operations Appropriations bill, which would fund PEPFAR for another year but implement a Mexico City-like policy provision on all global health funding. This bill would also extend the lapsing provisions for another year.

Biden said that Republicans in Congress are "trying to wipe out federal funding to end the HIV epidemic."

A subcommittee of House Republicans has proposed cutting some HIV prevention programs from 53% to 9% in fiscal 2024, depending on the program.

A committee’s draft report cited by advocacy and policy groups shows these cuts stem from the elimination of the Trump-era Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative, although the committee did not respond to our questions about that.

Taken together, these cuts would not eliminate — or "wipe out" — all federal domestic HIV spending, but they do represent a significant cut.

Meanwhile, the House has not moved ahead to reauthorize PEPFAR, which supplies U.S. dollars for global HIV prevention, over Republican concerns about where organizations that receive the money stand on abortion access. But the House has passed one year of PEPFAR funding with some conditions about how it is distributed, which it can do without reauthorizing the program.

Biden’s statement is partially accurate in that significant funding cuts have been proposed by House Republicans, but he exaggerates by saying these efforts would "wipe out" federal funding.

We rate this claim Half True.

KFF Health News Reporter Sam Whitehead contributed to this report.